Making a Diagnosis

A diagnosis is partially based on a pelvic and rectovaginal exam when an enlarged mass is felt on the ovary. Further tests, such as a pelvic sonogram, barium enema, GI endoscopy or CAT scan, are used to aid in diagnosis. A CA-125 blood test, also called a tumor marker, may be performed. However, there is some debate over the efficacy of this test as an indicator for ovarian cancer. In some women with ovarian cancer, the CA-125 level may be normal, while in women with benign conditions such as fibroids, the level can be elevated. Ultrasonography works by bouncing sound waves off the abdominal cavity to allow visualization of an abnormal mass. If the sonogram, or image, is abnormal, a CAT scan is used to size the mass, its location and relationship to adjacent structures.

To obtain a definitive diagnosis, a staging operation is usually performed. This test allows the gynecologic oncologist, a surgeon who specializes in cancers of the genital tract, to determine if the cancer is confined to one or both ovaries or if it has spread. One or both ovaries are removed and tissue biopsies are taken to determine the stage of the cancer. Based on this information, a treatment plan is created.


Understanding Ovarian Cancer

Prolonged ovulation can stimulate proliferation of ovarian cells. In women who have not yet been diagnosed, it is important to remember that growths in the ovaries may also be benign-either a benign tumor or an ovarian cyst. Ovarian cysts are common and usually go away on their own. They can be detected through a pelvic exam and ultrasound. Cysts in the ovaries can cause abnormal periods, abdominal discomfort, nausea or fever. Again, any unusual symptom such as these should be checked by a physician.