Screening and Early Detection

Currently, there is no effective tool for screening women who are without symptoms. Unlike cervical dysplasia, which can be detected before it becomes cancerous, there is no precancerous state of the ovary that can be detected through current screening methods. While yearly Pap tests and pelvic exams are important, they are more effective for diagnosing cervical and uterine cancer. Because there is no effective screening method, women are usually in advanced stages of the disease when the cancer is detected.

Women who are over the age of 35 should have annual vaginal and rectovaginal exams. For women who have undergone genetic testing that has identified them as carriers of a mutation in the cancer susceptibility gene, and/or who have a family history of ovarian cancer, routine pelvic sonograms are recommended. This test uses sound waves to detect the presence of any abnormal growths. Serum, or blood marker, tests such as CA-125 may be recommended for women at high risk. However, serum markers can be elevated in women with benign conditions such as fibroids and can therefore be misleading.


Symptoms That Must be Evaluated

Initial symptoms may consist of digestive discomfort, gas, abdominal bloating, persistent constipation or diarrhea, abnormal vaginal bleeding, excessive fatigue and pelvic pain. Other symptoms may include urinary discomfort and/or bladder pressure. These symptoms, especially if they occur simultaneously, should be evaluated immediately. Symptoms of ovarian cancer are similar to other conditions that are not as serious, thereby making this disease difficult to diagnose. Advocacy groups urge women to be persistent with their physicians if these symptoms do not go away. This is especially important if a woman is over 35 and has a family history of cancer.